Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research, ISSN 2817-6359 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cell Mol Med Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://www.thecmmr.org

Original Article

Volume 1, Number 1, September 2023, pages 20-26

Formononetin: A Phytoestrogen and Isoflavone, Relaxes Guinea Pig Gallbladder Strips

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. The effect of formononetin (FMN) on CCK-induced tension in a male guinea pig gallbladder strip. (a) Data trace showing the relaxation caused by FMN on CCK-induced tension. (b) FMN (15 M)-induced relaxation of both CCK- (open circles, P < 0.001, n = 8) and KCl- (filled circles, P < 0.001, n = 10) induced tension. Values are means ± SE. FMN (5, 10 and 20 M) significantly (P < 0.001) relaxed CCK-induced tension more than KCl-induced tension.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. The effect of PKA-IM (180 nM) on FMN-induced relaxation. A significant increase (P < 0.001, n = 5) in the amount of FMN-induced relaxation occurred. The effect of the PKC inhibitors BIM (0.5 M) and chelerythrine Cl- (5 M) on the amount of FMN-induced relaxation (P < 0.02, n = 5). A significant decrease in the amount of FMN-induced relaxation occurred. Values are means ± SE.
Figure 3.
Figure 3. The effect of genistein (10 M, n = 6) on FMN-induced relaxation. A significant (P < 0.01) decrease in relaxation occurred. TEA (50 M, n = 8) had no significant effect on the amount of FMN-induced relaxation.
Figure 4.
Figure 4. The effect of adding FMN (15 M) prior to KCl or CCK. The FMN significantly (P < 0.001, n = 9) decreased the amount of KCl-induced tension. A similar result (P < 0.01, n = 7) was observed when FMN was added to the chambers prior to the CCK.

Tables

Table 1. The Effect of FMN or E2 on the Relaxation of Male Guinea Pig Gallbladder Strips (FMN and E2 Separately and in Combination)
 
FMNE2FMN + E2
The percentages of relaxation induced by FMN or E2 were shown, and also shown was the amount of relaxation induced by using both FMN and E2 together. The amount of relaxation when both agents were used together was compared with the relaxation when FMN or E2 was used alone. There was significantly more relaxation observed with the combination than when the individual agent was used. The order of treatment with either FMN or E2 had no role.
% Relaxation51.4 ± 2.761.1 ± 2.571.8 ± 3.9
FMN vs. FMN + E2P < 0.05
E2 vs. FMN + E2P < 0.05
FMN vs. E2P < 0.05

 

Table 2. Comparison of the Relaxation of CCK-Induced Tension Induced by Formononetin When Compared With E2
 
FMN (% Relaxation)E2 (% Relaxation)
5 µmmol/L38.1 ± 3.1
10 µmmol/L40.4 ± 2.517.8 ± 1.9
20 µmmol/L68.3 ± 4.9
50 µmmol/L60.5 ± 2.4
100 µmmol/L63.7 ± 3.5